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THE EXPLORERS 

March Issue

UNIT 4.4 The sign of Four

         UNIT 4.4 THE SIGN OF FOUR 

D)      Write the answers of the following questions in about 50 words :               (4)

1.       Write a character sketch of Major Sholto from the extract of the novel “Sign of Four”.

Ans.            Major Sholto was an officer and friend of Arthur Morstan. He was the one who was originally approached about the location of the treasure, as Jonathan Small believed that his greed would make him an easy target. Sholto is tasked with the retrieval of the treasure, but takes it all for himself, leaving Small and Morstan without anything. When Morstan later confronts him, Morstan has a heart attack and dies. Sholto hides the body and keeps the treasure. He lives the rest of his life plagued but extreme guilt and fear. He dies after seeing Jonathan Small’s face in a window.   

2.       Write in short the importance of the following statement in the light of the extract of the novel, “Sign of Four”.

          “Mary received pearls every year on the same day”.

Ans.            When Mary went to meet detective Holmes she informed him that she has received six pearls in the mail from some unknown person. She has received one pearl every year since 1982 after answering an anonymous newspaper query inquiring about her and her address. But with the last pearl she told that she has received a letter telling her that she has been wronged and she was asked if she could meet him. Immediately Holmes takes the case and finds out that Major Sholto had died in 1982 and immediately after his death only Mary started receiving the pearls. Later Holmes, Watson and Mary this trio meet Thaddeus Sholto, the son of the late major Sholto who was sending these pearls to Mary. It is here he gets information on the day of Morstan’s disappearance Major Sholto had met him to divide the treasure that Sholto had brought from India. During quarrel over this issue Morstan suffered heart attack and died. Thereafter Sholto disposed the body and hid the treasure. After receiving letter from India in 1982 he called his two sons and confessed them about Morstan’s death during that time while revealing the location of treasure, he suddenly cried, “Keep him out”, and died. After reading a note ‘sig of four’ on their father’s body both brothers fought whether they leave the legacy to Mary Morstan. Here Thaddeus left his brother Bartholomew taking a chaplet and he was sending these pearls to Mary from last six years since 1982. He sent letter to Mary because Bartholomew had found the treasure and chances were that Thaddeus and Mary might confront him for division of treasure. 

          Character sketches :

          Sherlock Holmes

                   Sherlock Holmes is a brilliant detective, with an exceptionally keen eye for detail. He is known for his disguises, his logical deduction, and his early use of forensic science. Holmes is the one who solves the case. He is deeply concerned with his own mental stimulation, and tries to keep his mind occupied. As such, when waiting for news, he tends to perform chemical experiments. Holmes shows little emotion, and only really cares about the facts of the case. This separates him from the common man, and makes him seem different. He worked as a consulting detective for 23 years, and 17 of those were with John Watson. Holmes’s only true friend is Doctor John Watson. Holmes maintains little to no connection with any females, except for his housekeeper, Mrs. Hudson.

          John Watson

                   Watson is Holmes' partner and roommate. He also narrates all but four of Holmes’s adventures. He was originally named 'Ormund Sacker' before Conan Doyle decided on 'John Watson'. He was a doctor in the army and has a bullet in his leg, which can occasionally impede his movement. He is also a very good shot. Watson has a strong sense of honor and discretion. On occasion, he tries to solve cases without Holmes, with a limited degree of success. He is a more empathetic and human counterpart to Holmes. He is very intelligent, but lacking in powers of observation. Watson is later married to Ms. Mary Morstan.

          Mary Morstan

                   Mary Morstan brings the case to Holmes and Watson’s attention. She has been searching unsuccessfully for her father and has received several mysterious pearls in the mail. Mary is described as blonde, with pale skin. She was working as a governess when she contacted Holmes. Her mother died soon after Mary’s birth, and Mary was educated in England. At the end of the story, Watson proposes to Ms. Morstan and she accepts. She is 27 years old when introduced. Mary isn’t really interested in the treasure and the fortune it would bring, and she is happy when the chest is empty. Mary’s father was a senior captain within his group and disappeared in London when visiting his daughter. He was a good man, who felt guilty about his actions in the war. He died when his heart gave out and he fell, cracking his skull.

          Major Sholto

                   Major Sholto was an officer and friend of Arthur Morstan. He was the one who was originally approached about the location of the treasure, as Jonathan Small believed that his greed would make him an easy target. Sholton is tasked with the retrieval of the treasure, but takes it all for himself, leaving Small and Morstan without anything. When Morstan later confronts him, Morstan has a heart attack and dies. Sholto hides the body and keeps the treasure. He lives the rest of his life plagued by extreme guilt and fear. He dies after seeing Jonathan Small’s face in a window.

          Thaddeus Sholto

                   Major Sholto’s son, Thaddeus is is the one who sends the pearls to Mary Morstan. He does this to try to share his wealth after finding that his father was involved in Major Morstan’s death. He collects art, and contacts Holmes when he finds that his brother has located the treasure chest. He is heavily disappointed in his father’s actions. He is in constantly poor health, and is very twitchy and nervous. Thaddeus is originally arrested as a suspect in his brother’s murder, as it was known that they fought the night before the murder.

          Bartholomew Sholto

                   Bartholomew is Thaddeus’s twin brother and Major Sholto’s son. He doesn’t like to share wealth or information with Holmes or Morstan. Bartholomew discovers the chest and is later killed by Tonga with a poison dart.

          Jonathan Small

                   Small is the antagonist of the story. Small has a wooden leg, which he got following an accident involving a crocodile. He was one of “the four," a group of men who discovered a cache of jewels. After this, an uprising occurred and Small was captured. In prison, he passes on the secret to Majors Morstan and Sholto. Morstan retrieves the jewels, but betrays the others, leaving Small in prison. When Small gets out he heads to England to try to get his share. He believes that he and the rest of “the four” are the only ones entitled to the treasure. When almost captured, he dumps the jewels in the river. He enlisted Tonga to help him in his quest. Small is not afraid to resort to violence to achieve his goals, although he was displeased when Tonga killed Bartholomew. Small has a beard and is very tan. He also has a very lined face.

          Tonga

                   Tonga is an islander who is absolutely devoted to Small. Small nursed Tonga back to health when Tonga was ill. He helps Small escape and break into Sholto’s house. Tonga is the one who killed Bartholomew. He is now considered to be a rather racist character, with Doyle describing him as “animalistic” and “savage." This reflects the Eurocentric mindset of Doyle's time.

 Setting:

Basically the setting of the extract is in London but it has some references of India, too. Explain how the settings of the Extract contribute to the theme of the     Novel.

The setting of the extract is in London, where Mary meets Dr sherlock Holmes and Dr. watson to explain her problem. She told the detectives that her father was an officer in an Indian Regiment. When he returned to England on leave, he called Mary to meet him at a hotel in London. His only friend in London was Major Sholto. Dr. Sherlock Holmes found that Major Sholto was also form the 34 th Bombay Infantry. Mary showed a paper to the detective belonging to her father. The paper was of Indian Origin. The three names written on it were also Indian. when Jonathan small was captured, he spoke of being an accomplice in stealing the Agra Treasure. He was sent to the Andaman Islands, where , major Sholto and captain Morstan were prison guards.

Theme:

write in brief the theme of the Novel in about fifty words.

The theme of the extract revolves around the mystery of the disappearance of Mary Morstan's father, the receipt of expensive pearls by Mary and the mysterious letter received by her. It also involves the journey of Holmes, watson and Mary Morstan to a strange House to meet the writer of the mysterious letter. The theme of the Novel revolves around the Agra Treasure.

central idea of the Novel:

Write down the central idea of the Novel in about fifty words.

The central idea is the meeting of Mary Morstan with Holmes and Watson. and her

explanation of her problems. It is also about the short journey made by the three to meet the writer of the mysterious letter. This is Watson's first meeting with Miss Morstan and his attraction towards her.

 __________________________________________________

 

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The January 2022 issue is really helpful to you and all.

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Unit 2.6 Money

Unit 2.6  Money                        William H. Davies

When I had money, money, O !

I knew no joy till I went poor;

For many a false man as a friend

Came knocking all day at my door.

Then felt I like a child that holds

A trumpet that he must not blow

Because a man is dead; I dared

Not speak to let this false world know.

Much have I thought of life, and seen

How poor men’s hearts are ever light;

And how their wives do hum like bees

About their work from morn till night.

So, when I hear these poor ones laugh,

And see the rich ones coldly frown

Poor men, think I, need not go up

So much as rich men should come down.

When I had money, money, O!

My many friends proved all untrue;

But now I have no money, O!

My friends are real, though very few

  - William H. Davies

A1.    True or false :    (02)

    State whether the following statements are true or false.correct the false statements with the help of the poem.

a)    The poet knew no joy till he was rich.    (T)

b)    When poet had money, he had many true friends.

    When poet had money he had many false friends.    (F)

c)    When poet became poor he had few real friends.    (T)

d)    Poet’s friends do not like him but his money.     (T)

A1.    Complete :     (02)

    Complete the following sentences and rewrite them.

a)    When poet had money ....…………………………………………………………….

    ………………………………………………came running all day at his door.

    1)    True real friends    2) false and untrue friends

    3)    classmates    4)    Relatives and rich people.

b)    When the poet has no money . . …………………………………………

    1)    He has everybody with him.     

2)    All rich friends came to meet him.

    3)    He has few but real friends  

  4)    none of the above.

c)    The ………………………………… are unhappy because of financial condition.

    1)    Wives of poor people.    2)    wives of rich people

    3)    children of rich people    4)    Employees of poor people.

d)    The central idea of the poem is …………………………………………………….

    1)    Distinction between the poor and the rich

    2)    How rich people are merciless.

    3)    Rich man who wants to be a poor man to find real happiness.

A2.    Give reasons :    (02)

a)    Friends came knocking all day at the poet’s door because ………………………..

    When the poet was rich he had many friends. They were not real or true friends.it meant they just were friends when they wanted money. His happiness with many false friends was untrue because for his friends his money was their friend nothing else.

b)    Poor men’s wives hum like bees because ……………………………………………

    Poor men’s wives always grumbled and not satisfied with their husband work although the poor men always work hard all day. It might be because they don’t carry much money.

A2.    Infer :    (02)

    Money makes the world go round. Explain it in the light of the poet’s experience. 

    A lot of events could not happen with money. Money is very important. It is one of the most essential things. Money solves all the problems.

A2.    Interpret :    (02)

    Interpret the statement,” poor men need not go up so much as rich men should come down. Express your views regarding this statement.

A3.    Personal Response :    (02)

    “Money cannot give you eternal happiness. Do you agree with the views of the poet. Explain with suitable examples in about Fifty words

A3.    Personal Response :    (02)

    “Money is essential but money is not above everything” share your views on this in about Fifty words.

A3.    Personal Response :    (02)

    “Money cannot purchase happiness and contentment,” express your views on it in about Fifty words.

A3.    Personal Response :    (02)

    “We cannot buy everything with money” Justify your answer with suitable examples in about Fifty words.

A4.    Poetic Devices :              (02)

    “When I had money, money o!

    Name and Explain the figure of speech used in the above line.

    The figure of speech used in the above line is an example of REPETITION because the word Money is repeated in a pleasant manner.

A4.    Poetic Devices :     (02)

    “For many a false man as a friend.”

    Name and explain the figure of speech used in the above line.

    The figure of speech used in the above line is an example of an ALLITERATION because the initial sound/letter “f” is repeated in a pleasant manner.

A4.    Poetic Devices :    (02)

    “Much have I thought of life and seen

    How poor men’s hearts was ever light”

    The figure of speech used in the above line is an example of an INVERSION because the words are not arranged in a correct prose/grammatical order.

    The correct order should be,” I have thought much of life and seen how poor men’s hearts was ever light.”

A4.    Poetic Devices :    (02)

    “And how their wives do hum like bees’

    Name and explain the figure of speech used in the above line.

    The figure of speech used here is an example of ONOMATOPOEIA because the word, “hum” indicates a particular sound.

    It is also an example of SIMILE because the grumbling of the wives are directly compared with the humming of the bees and the comparison is made with the word, ‘Like”

A4.    Poetic Devices :                (02)

    ‘About their work from morn till night”

    Name and explain the figure of speech used here.

    The figure of speech used here is an example of  ANTI-THESIS  because two opposite ideas/contrasting ideas morn(morning) and night are used in the same line.

A4.    Poetic Devices :     (02)

    “ So when I hear these poor ones laugh

    And see the rich ones coldly frown,” 

    Identify the figure of speech used in the above line.

    The figure of speech used here is an example of ANTI-THESIS  because two opposite ideas/contrasting words “rich/poor” and “laughs/frown” are used in the same line.

A4.    Poetic Devices :    (02)

    “Then felt I like a child that holds”

    The figure of speech used here is an example of  an   INVERSION as well as SIMILE. Inversion because the words are not arranged in the correct prose order.  The correct order should be,” then I felt like a child that holds’

    Simile because the feelings of the poet are directly compared with the child and the comparison is made with the word,” like”

A4.    Poetic Devices :    (02)

    Complete the following table.

        No.    Figures of Speech    Lines from the poem    Explanation

        01    Inversion       

        02    Simile       

        03    Repetition       

        04    Onomatopoeia       

        05    Anti-thesis       

A4.    Poetic Devices :     (02)

    Note down the Rhyme scheme used in the extract and also note down the Rhyming pair of words.

        Stanza    Rhyme Scheme    Rhyming pair of words

        FIRST

        SECOND   

        THIRD       

        FOURTH       

        FIFTH       

A5.    Poetic Creativity :            (02)

    “ when I had money. money, O!

    …………………………………

    For many a false man as a friend.

    Compose two lines (lines 2/4) of your own and make a meaningful composition.

A5.    Poetic Creativity :    (02)

    Compose a short poem of four lines on the theme,” contentment”

A5.    Poetic creativity :    (02)

    Then felt I like a child that holds 

    A trumpet that he must not blow

    Because a man is dead, I dared

    Not speak to let this false world know”

  (  Change the prose /grammatical order of the lines and compose the above stanza.)

A5.    Poetic creativity :    (02)

    Much have I thought of life and seen

    ………………………………………………………

    ………………………………………………………

    About their work from morn till night

    Compose two lines of your own and rewrite the above stanza.

A5.    Poetic Creativity :    (02)

    But now I have no money, O !

    ……………………………………

    ……………………………………

    ……………………………………………

    Compose next lines of your own and complete the activity.

Activities Compiled by

TUSHAR J BAGWE

K.J. SOMAIYA COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND COMMERCE VIDYAVIHAR EAST MUMBAI 77